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  <ul class="link-list" role="directory">
    <li><a href="#label-NEWS+for+Ruby+2.2.0">NEWS for Ruby 2.2.0</a>
    <li><a href="#label-Changes+since+the+2.1.0+release">Changes since the 2.1.0 release</a>
    <li><a href="#label-Language+changes">Language changes</a>
    <li><a href="#label-Core+classes+updates+-28outstanding+ones+only-29">Core classes updates (outstanding ones only)</a>
    <li><a href="#label-Core+classes+compatibility+issues+-28excluding+feature+bug+fixes-29">Core classes compatibility issues (excluding feature bug fixes)</a>
    <li><a href="#label-Stdlib+updates+-28outstanding+ones+only-29">Stdlib updates (outstanding ones only)</a>
    <li><a href="#label-Stdlib+compatibility+issues+-28excluding+feature+bug+fixes-29">Stdlib compatibility issues (excluding feature bug fixes)</a>
    <li><a href="#label-Built-in+global+variables+compatibility+issues">Built-in global variables compatibility issues</a>
    <li><a href="#label-C+API+updates">C API updates</a>
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<main role="main" aria-label="Page NEWS/NEWS-2.2.0">

<h1 id="label-NEWS+for+Ruby+2.2.0"><a href="../ruby_3_3_0_preview2/NEWS_md.html">NEWS</a> for Ruby 2.2.0<span><a href="#label-NEWS+for+Ruby+2.2.0">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h1>

<p>This document is a list of user visible feature changes made between releases except for bug fixes.</p>

<p>Note that each entry is kept so brief that no reason behind or reference information is supplied with.  For a full list of changes with all sufficient information, see the ChangeLog file.</p>

<h2 id="label-Changes+since+the+2.1.0+release">Changes since the 2.1.0 release<span><a href="#label-Changes+since+the+2.1.0+release">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h2>

<h3 id="label-Language+changes">Language changes<span><a href="#label-Language+changes">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h3>
<ul><li>
<p>nil/true/false</p>
<ul><li>
<p>nil/true/false objects are frozen. [Feature #8923]</p>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p><a href="../Hash.html"><code>Hash</code></a> literal</p>
<ul><li>
<p><a href="../Symbol.html"><code>Symbol</code></a> key followed by a colon can be quoted. [Feature #4276]</p>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p>default argument fixed a very longstanding bug that an optional argument was not accessible in its default value expression.  [Bug #9593]</p>
</li></ul>

<h3 id="label-Core+classes+updates+-28outstanding+ones+only-29">Core classes updates (outstanding ones only)<span><a href="#label-Core+classes+updates+-28outstanding+ones+only-29">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h3>
<ul><li>
<p><a href="../Binding.html"><code>Binding</code></a></p>
<ul><li>
<p>New methods:</p>
<ul><li>
<p><a href="../Binding.html#method-i-local_variables"><code>Binding#local_variables</code></a></p>
</li><li>
<p><a href="../Binding.html#method-i-receiver"><code>Binding#receiver</code></a></p>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p><a href="../Dir.html"><code>Dir</code></a></p>
<ul><li>
<p>New methods:</p>
<ul><li>
<p><a href="../Dir.html#method-i-fileno"><code>Dir#fileno</code></a></p>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p><a href="../Enumerable.html"><code>Enumerable</code></a></p>
<ul><li>
<p>New methods:</p>
<ul><li>
<p><a href="../Enumerable.html#method-i-slice_after"><code>Enumerable#slice_after</code></a></p>
</li><li>
<p><a href="../Enumerable.html#method-i-slice_when"><code>Enumerable#slice_when</code></a></p>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p>Extended methods:</p>
<ul><li>
<p>min, min_by, max and max_by supports optional argument to return multiple elements.</p>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p><a href="../Float.html"><code>Float</code></a></p>
<ul><li>
<p>New methods:</p>
<ul><li>
<p><a href="../Float.html#method-i-next_float"><code>Float#next_float</code></a></p>
</li><li>
<p><a href="../Float.html#method-i-prev_float"><code>Float#prev_float</code></a></p>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p><a href="../File.html"><code>File</code></a></p>
<ul><li>
<p>New methods:</p>
<ul><li>
<p><a href="../File.html#method-c-birthtime"><code>File.birthtime</code></a></p>
</li><li>
<p><a href="../File.html#method-i-birthtime"><code>File#birthtime</code></a></p>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p><a href="../File/Stat.html"><code>File::Stat</code></a></p>
<ul><li>
<p>New methods:</p>
<ul><li>
<p><a href="../File/Stat.html#method-i-birthtime"><code>File::Stat#birthtime</code></a></p>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p><a href="../GC.html"><code>GC</code></a></p>
<ul><li>
<p><a href="../GC.html#method-c-latest_gc_info"><code>GC.latest_gc_info</code></a> returns :state to represent current <a href="../GC.html"><code>GC</code></a> status.</p>
</li><li>
<p>Improvements</p>
<ul><li>
<p>Introduce incremental marking for major <a href="../GC.html"><code>GC</code></a>. [Feature #10137]</p>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p><a href="../IO.html"><code>IO</code></a></p>
<ul><li>
<p>Improvements</p>
<ul><li>
<p><a href="../IO.html#method-i-read_nonblock"><code>IO#read_nonblock</code></a> and <a href="../IO.html#method-i-write_nonblock"><code>IO#write_nonblock</code></a> for pipes on Windows are supported.</p>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p><a href="../Kernel.html"><code>Kernel</code></a></p>
<ul><li>
<p>New methods:</p>
<ul><li>
<p>Kernel#itself</p>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p>Improvements</p>
<ul><li>
<p><a href="../Kernel.html#method-i-throw"><code>Kernel#throw</code></a> raises <a href="../UncaughtThrowError.html"><code>UncaughtThrowError</code></a>, subclass of <a href="../ArgumentError.html"><code>ArgumentError</code></a> when there is no corresponding catch block, instead of <a href="../ArgumentError.html"><code>ArgumentError</code></a>.</p>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p><a href="../Process.html"><code>Process</code></a></p>
<ul><li>
<p>Extended method:</p>
<ul><li>
<p><a href="../Process.html"><code>Process</code></a> execution methods such as <a href="../Process.html#method-c-spawn"><code>Process.spawn</code></a> opens the file in write mode for redirect from [:out, :err].</p>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p><a href="../String.html"><code>String</code></a></p>
<ul><li>
<p>New methods:</p>
<ul><li>
<p><a href="../String.html#method-i-unicode_normalize"><code>String#unicode_normalize</code></a></p>
</li><li>
<p><a href="../String.html#method-i-unicode_normalize-21"><code>String#unicode_normalize!</code></a></p>
</li><li>
<p><a href="../String.html#method-i-unicode_normalized-3F"><code>String#unicode_normalized?</code></a></p>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p><a href="../Symbol.html"><code>Symbol</code></a></p>
<ul><li>
<p>Improvements</p>
<ul><li>
<p>Most symbols which are returned by <a href="../String.html#method-i-to_sym"><code>String#to_sym</code></a> and <a href="../String.html#method-i-intern"><code>String#intern</code></a> are GC-able.</p>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p><a href="../Method.html"><code>Method</code></a></p>
<ul><li>
<p>New methods:</p>
<ul><li>
<p><a href="../Method.html#method-i-curry"><code>Method#curry</code></a>([ arity ]) returns a curried <a href="../Proc.html"><code>Proc</code></a>.</p>
</li><li>
<p><a href="../Method.html#method-i-super_method"><code>Method#super_method</code></a> returns a <a href="../Method.html"><code>Method</code></a> of superclass, which would be called when super is used.</p>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>

<h3 id="label-Core+classes+compatibility+issues+-28excluding+feature+bug+fixes-29">Core classes compatibility issues (excluding feature bug fixes)<span><a href="#label-Core+classes+compatibility+issues+-28excluding+feature+bug+fixes-29">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h3>
<ul><li>
<p><a href="../Enumerable.html"><code>Enumerable</code></a></p>
<ul><li>
<p><a href="../Enumerable.html#method-i-slice_before"><code>Enumerable#slice_before</code></a>‘s state management deprecated.</p>
</li><li>
<p><a href="../Enumerable.html#method-i-chunk"><code>Enumerable#chunk</code></a>‘s state management deprecated.</p>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p><a href="../GC.html"><code>GC</code></a></p>
<ul><li>
<p>incompatible changes:</p>
<ul><li>
<p>Rename <a href="../GC.html#method-c-stat"><code>GC.stat</code></a> entries. [Feature #9924] See <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/11Ua4uBr6o0k-nORrZLEIIUkHJ9JRzRR0NyZfrhEEnc8/edit?usp=sharing">docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/11Ua4uBr6o0k-nORrZLEIIUkHJ9JRzRR0NyZfrhEEnc8/edit?usp=sharing</a></p>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p><a href="../Hash.html"><code>Hash</code></a></p>
<ul><li>
<p>incompatible changes:</p>
<ul><li>
<p>Change overriding policy for duplicated key. [Bug #10315] { **hash1, **hash2 } contains values of hash2 for duplicated keys.</p>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p><a href="../IO.html"><code>IO</code></a></p>
<ul><li>
<p>incompatible changes:</p>
<ul><li>
<p>When flushing file <a href="../IO.html"><code>IO</code></a> with <a href="../IO.html#method-i-flush"><code>IO#flush</code></a>, you cannot assume that the metadata of the file is updated immediately.  On some platforms (especially Windows), it is delayed until the filesystem load is decreased. Use <a href="../IO.html#method-i-fsync"><code>IO#fsync</code></a> if you want to guarantee updating metadata.</p>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p><a href="../Math.html"><code>Math</code></a></p>
<ul><li>
<p>incompatible changes:</p>
<ul><li>
<p><a href="../Math.html#method-c-log"><code>Math.log</code></a> now raises <a href="../Math/DomainError.html"><code>Math::DomainError</code></a> instead of returning NaN if the base is less than 0, and returns NaN instead of -infinity if both of two arguments are 0.</p>
</li><li>
<p><a href="../Math.html#method-c-atan2"><code>Math.atan2</code></a> now returns values like as expected by C99 if both two arguments are infinity.</p>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p><a href="../Proc.html"><code>Proc</code></a></p>
<ul><li>
<p>incompatible changes:</p>
<ul><li>
<p><a href="../ArgumentError.html"><code>ArgumentError</code></a> is no longer raised when lambda <a href="../Proc.html"><code>Proc</code></a> is passed as a block, and the number of yielded arguments does not match the formal arguments of the lambda, if just an array is yielded and its length matches.</p>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p><a href="../Process.html"><code>Process</code></a></p>
<ul><li>
<p><a href="../Process.html"><code>Process</code></a> execution methods such as <a href="../Process.html#method-c-spawn"><code>Process.spawn</code></a> opens the file in write mode for redirect from [:out, :err]. Before Ruby 2.2, it was opened in read mode.</p>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>

<h3 id="label-Stdlib+updates+-28outstanding+ones+only-29">Stdlib updates (outstanding ones only)<span><a href="#label-Stdlib+updates+-28outstanding+ones+only-29">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h3>
<ul><li>
<p><a href="../Continuation.html"><code>Continuation</code></a></p>
<ul><li>
<p>callcc is obsolete. use <a href="../Fiber.html"><code>Fiber</code></a> instead.</p>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p>Digest</p>
<ul><li>
<p>Digest() should now be thread-safe.  If you have a problem with regard to on-demand loading under a multi-threaded environment, preload “digest/*” modules on boot or use this method instead of directly referencing Digest::*.</p>
</li><li>
<p>Digest::HMAC has been removed just as previously noticed.</p>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p>DL</p>
<ul><li>
<p>DL has been removed from stdlib. Please use Fiddle instead!</p>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p>Etc</p>
<ul><li>
<p>New methods:</p>
<ul><li>
<p>Etc.uname</p>
</li><li>
<p>Etc.sysconf</p>
</li><li>
<p>Etc.confstr</p>
</li><li>
<p>IO#pathconf</p>
</li><li>
<p>Etc.nprocessors</p>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p>Find, Pathname</p>
<ul><li>
<p>Extended methods:</p>
<ul><li>
<p>find method accepts “ignore_error” keyword argument.</p>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p>Matrix</p>
<ul><li>
<p>New methods:</p>
<ul><li>
<p>Matrix#first_minor(row, column) returns the submatrix obtained by deleting the specified row and column.</p>
</li><li>
<p>Matrix#cofactor(row, column) returns the (row, column) cofactor which is obtained by multiplying the first minor by (-1)**(row + column).</p>
</li><li>
<p>Matrix#adjugate returns the adjugate of the matrix.</p>
</li><li>
<p>hstack and vstack are new instance and class methods to stack matrices horizontally and vertically.</p>
</li><li>
<p>Matrix#laplace_expansion(row_or_column: num) returns the laplace_expansion along the <code>num</code> -th row or column.</p>
</li><li>
<p>Vector.basis(size:, index:) returns the specified basis vector.</p>
</li><li>
<p>Unary - and + added for Vector and Matrix.</p>
</li><li>
<p>Vector#cross_product generalized to arbitrary dimensions.</p>
</li><li>
<p>Vector#dot and cross are aliases for inner_product and cross_product.</p>
</li><li>
<p>Vector#angle_with returns the angle with its argument</p>
</li><li>
<p>New instance and class method independent? to test linear independence.</p>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p>Pathname</p>
<ul><li>
<p>Pathname#/ is aliased to Pathname#+.</p>
</li><li>
<p>New methods:</p>
<ul><li>
<p>Pathname#birthtime</p>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p>Rake</p>
<ul><li>
<p>Updated to Rake 10.4.0.  For full release notes see:</p>

<p><a href="http://docs.seattlerb.org/rake/History_rdoc.html#label-10.4.0">docs.seattlerb.org/rake/History_rdoc.html#label-10.4.0</a></p>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p>RubyGems</p>
<ul><li>
<p>Updated to RubyGems 2.4.2.  For full release notes see:</p>

<p><a href="http://docs.seattlerb.org/rubygems/History_txt.html#label-2.4.2+%2F+2014-10-01">docs.seattlerb.org/rubygems/History_txt.html#label-2.4.2+%2F+2014-10-01</a></p>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p>TSort</p>
<ul><li>
<p>TSort.tsort_each, TSort.each_strongly_connected_component and TSort.each_strongly_connected_component_from returns an enumerator if no block given.</p>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p>XMLRPC</p>
<ul><li>
<p>Added new parser class named LibXMLStreamParser.</p>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>

<h3 id="label-Stdlib+compatibility+issues+-28excluding+feature+bug+fixes-29">Stdlib compatibility issues (excluding feature bug fixes)<span><a href="#label-Stdlib+compatibility+issues+-28excluding+feature+bug+fixes-29">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h3>
<ul><li>
<p>lib/mathn.rb</p>
<ul><li>
<p>Show deprecated warning [Feature #10169]</p>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p>ext/date/lib/date/format.rb</p>
<ul><li>
<p>Removed because it’s empty file.</p>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p>Digest</p>
<ul><li>
<p>Digest::HMAC has finally ceased to exist.  Use OpenSSL::HMAC or an external gem instead.</p>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p>time.rb</p>
<ul><li>
<p>Time.parse, Time.strptime, Time.rfc2822, Time.xmlschema may produce fixed-offset <a href="../Time.html"><code>Time</code></a> objects. It is happen when usual localtime doesn’t preserve the offset from UTC.</p>
</li><li>
<p>Time.httpdate produces always UTC <a href="../Time.html"><code>Time</code></a> object.</p>
</li><li>
<p>Time.strptime raises <a href="../ArgumentError.html"><code>ArgumentError</code></a> when no date information.</p>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p>lib/rational.rb</p>
<ul><li>
<p>Removed because it is deprecated from 2009.</p>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p>lib/complex.rb</p>
<ul><li>
<p>Removed because it is deprecated from 2009.</p>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p>lib/prettyprint.rb</p>
<ul><li>
<p>Removed PrettyPrint#first?</p>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p>lib/minitest/*.rb</p>
<ul><li>
<p>Removed because it conflicts to minitest 5. [Feature #9711]</p>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p>lib/test/<strong>*/</strong>.rb</p>
<ul><li>
<p>Removed because it conflicts to minitest 5, and it was just an wrapper of minitest 4. [Feature #9711]</p>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p>lib/uri</p>
<ul><li>
<p>support RFC 3986. [Feature #2542]</p>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p>GServer</p>
<ul><li>
<p>GServer is extracted to gserver gem. It’s unmaintain code.</p>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p>Logger</p>
<ul><li>
<p>Logger::Application is extracted to logger-application gem. It’s unmaintain code.</p>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p><a href="../ObjectSpace.html"><code>ObjectSpace</code></a> (after requiring “objspace”)</p>
<ul><li>
<p>ObjectSpace.memsize_of(obj) returns a size includes sizeof(RVALUE). [Bug #8984]</p>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p>Prime</p>
<ul><li>
<p>incompatible changes:</p>
<ul><li>
<p>Prime.prime? now returns false for negative numbers. This method should not be used to know the number is composite or not. [Bug #7395]</p>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p>Psych</p>
<ul><li>
<p>Removed Psych::EngineManager [Bug #8344]</p>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>

<h3 id="label-Built-in+global+variables+compatibility+issues">Built-in global variables compatibility issues<span><a href="#label-Built-in+global+variables+compatibility+issues">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h3>

<h3 id="label-C+API+updates">C API updates<span><a href="#label-C+API+updates">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h3>
<ul><li>
<p>Deprecated APIs removed.  [Feature #9502]</p>

<p>Check_SafeStr -&gt; SafeStringValue rb_check_safe_str -&gt; SafeStringValue rb_quad_pack -&gt; rb_integer_pack rb_quad_unpack -&gt; rb_integer_unpack rb_read_check : access struct FILE internal. no replacement. rb_struct_iv_get : internal function. no replacement. struct rb_blocking_region_buffer : internal type. no replacement. rb_thread_blocking_region_begin -&gt; rb_thread_call_without_gvl family rb_thread_blocking_region_end -&gt; rb_thread_call_without_gvl family TRAP_BEG -&gt; rb_thread_call_without_gvl family TRAP_END -&gt; rb_thread_call_without_gvl family rb_thread_select -&gt; rb_thread_fd_select struct rb_exec_arg : internal type. no replacement. rb_exec : internal function. no replacement. rb_exec_arg_addopt : internal function. no replacement. rb_exec_arg_fixup : internal function. no replacement. rb_exec_arg_init : internal function. no replacement. rb_exec_err : internal function. no replacement. rb_fork : internal function. no replacement. rb_fork_err : internal function. no replacement. rb_proc_exec_n : internal function. no replacement. rb_run_exec_options : internal function. no replacement. rb_run_exec_options_err : internal function. no replacement. rb_thread_blocking_region -&gt; rb_thread_call_without_gvl family rb_thread_polling -&gt; rb_thread_wait_for rb_big2str0 : internal function. no replacement. rb_big2ulong_pack -&gt; rb_integer_pack rb_gc_set_params : internal function. no replacement. rb_io_mode_flags -&gt; rb_io_modestr_fmode rb_io_modenum_flags -&gt; rb_io_oflags_fmode</p>
</li><li>
<p>struct RBignum is hidden.  [Feature #6083] Use rb_integer_pack and rb_integer_unpack instead.</p>
</li><li>
<p>struct RRational is hidden.  [Feature #9513] Use rb_rational_num and rb_rational_den instead.</p>
</li><li>
<p>rb_big_new and rb_big_resize takes a size_t instead of long.</p>
</li><li>
<p>rb_num2long returns a long instead of SIGNED_VALUE.</p>
</li><li>
<p>rb_num2ulong returns an unsigned long instead of VALUE.</p>
</li><li>
<p>st hash table uses power-of-two sizes for speed [Feature #9425]. Lookups are 10-25% faster if using appropriate hash functions. However, weaknesses in hash distribution can no longer be masked by prime number-sized tables, so extensions may need to tweak hash functions to ensure good distribution.</p>
</li><li>
<p>rb_sym2str() added. This is almost same as ‘rb_id2str(SYM2ID(sym))` but not pinning a dynamic symbol.</p>
</li><li>
<p>rb_str_cat_cstr() added. This is the same as ‘rb_str_cat2()`.</p>
</li><li>
<p>‘rb_str_substr()` and `rb_str_subseq()` will share middle of a string, but not only the end of a string, in the future.  Therefore, result strings may not be NUL-terminated, `StringValueCStr()` is needed calling to obtain a NUL-terminated C string.</p>
</li><li>
<p>rb_tracepoint_new() supports new internal events accessible only from C:</p>
<ul><li>
<p>RUBY_INTERNAL_EVENT_GC_ENTER</p>
</li><li>
<p>RUBY_INTERNAL_EVENT_GC_EXIT r47528</p>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p>rb_hash_delete() now does not call the block given to the current method.</p>
</li><li>
<p>rb_extract_keywords() and rb_get_kwargs() exported.  See README.EXT for details.</p>
</li></ul>

<h3 id="label-Build+system+updates">Build system updates<span><a href="#label-Build+system+updates">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h3>
<ul><li>
<p>jemalloc is optionally supported via ‘./configure –with-jemalloc` jemalloc may be suitable when system malloc is slow or prone to fragmentation.  [Feature #9113]</p>
</li></ul>

<h3 id="label-Implementation+changes">Implementation changes<span><a href="#label-Implementation+changes">&para;</a> <a href="#top">&uarr;</a></span></h3>
<ul><li>
<p><a href="../GC.html"><code>GC</code></a></p>

<pre>* Most symbols which are returned by String#to_sym and
  String#intern are GC-able [Feature #9634]
* Introduce incremental marking for major GC. [Feature #10137]
* Enable lazy sweep on GC caused by malloc().</pre>
</li><li>
<p>VM</p>

<pre>* Use frozen string literals for Hash#[] and Hash#[]=
* Fast keyword arguments passing [Feature #10440]
* Allow to receive huge splatted array by a rest argument [Feature #10440]</pre>
</li><li>
<p><a href="../Process.html"><code>Process</code></a></p>

<pre>* Process creation methods, such as spawn(), uses vfork() system call.
  vfork() is faster than fork() when the parent process uses huge memory.</pre>
</li></ul>

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